Kuba i-malaysia yafaka ibloko yelizwe liphela nge-1 kaJuni, kwasekuqaleni uxolo kwi-Asia iphinde yabanjwa kwi-whirlpool yobuqhetseba. Babalwe kwisiseko se-pepita, ireyithi yemihla ngemihla yaseMalawisia yamatyala amatsha ayigqitha ngaphezulu kwe-India, kunye nenani elipheleleyo lezithsaba ezitsha eThailand, iVietnam kunye namanye amazwe zinokuphinda kabini kwinyanga ephelileyo. I-mpuma ye-mpuma yeAsia, njengeziko lemveliso eliphambili le-semicondcuctor, aliziwa njenge-East Asia, kodwa eneneni likhonkco elibaluleke kakhulu kwi-chain yeshishini. Ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yesifo esiphindaphindiweyo kunye nemfazwe yezorhwebo, luhlobo luni lwe-Asia elihlala mpuma eliza kujongana ne-semicondakhs.
Amandla empuma yeAsia angajongwanga
Ulawulo ngokubanzi lweziko lakhupha isibhengezo ngoJulayi 2020 ukuba ilizwe lam lingenise i-YUAN lezinto ezingenileyo ukusuka kwi-ASEAN, kunye ne-Akhawuntingi yeXesha eliDityanisiweyo le-ASEAN babengama-89.68 bhiliyoni yuan, ukunyuka kwe-29.1%, i-accounting ye-7.8% yexabiso lilonke lokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe iAsean. I-ASEAN iquka iMalaysia, iSingapore, Thailand, iVietnam kunye namanye amazwe kwaye sele inye yeyona mimandla ibaluleke kakhulu yokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe ehlabathini.
Eyona mpembelelo inkulu kwi-wimiconductor ye-jicondcuctor ye-jicondcuctor yiMalaysia. Eli lizwe yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ze-semiconductor zehlabathi kunye neziseko zovavanyo, i-accounting ye-13% yehlabathi yehlabathi kunye nesabelo sovavanyo, kwaye lelinye lawona maziko ehlabathi angama-7.
Zizonke iinkampani ezingama-50 zizonke, kubandakanya i-Intel, i-AMD, i-NXP, i-Ase, izixhobo ze-ETegas kunye ne-ESE Texas, zinemigca yokuvavanywa kunye nokuvavanywa kunye ne-fursons kunye ne-fursons yemveliso eMalaysia.
I-Penang eMalaysia yaziwa njenge-Silicon Valley yaseMpuma. Ine-ecosysys edityaniswe ngaphezu kwe-3,000 yabathengisi abahlukeneyo basekhaya, imimandla egubungela i-autocom, i-Elecling, iiNkathi zezesine, kubandakanya i-Motorola, i-Dell, kunye nomthengisi we-iPhone Jabil , zinezityalo zokwakha ezakhayo.
Isabelo sikaMalaysia kwimarike yemveliso yase-SEEMIOSHUTCOMER YOKUGQIBELA iphezulu nge-8%, apho iPinang inegalelo kwi-80%, ibeka isikhundla seNtsika se-Mumild Musalieniftiver nakwiindawo zokuvavanya.
I-Singapore yenye yendlu ye-semicontundtors kwi-South Asiyaast Asia kwaye yaziwa ngemigaqo-nkqubo yayo yomizi-mveliso. Ngokutsho koqikelelo kwiQela lokuNikwa kweBoston (i-BCG), ukuba iindleko zokusebenza umzi-mveliso wokuqiniswa kwememori e-United States iminyaka eli-100 iseti kuphela kwi-79 kwi-singapore. Esona sizathu siphambili ngumahluko kwimigaqo-nkqubo yokuzikhethela yezixhobo zotyalo-mali kunye nerhafu yenkampani.
Kwiminyaka yokuqala yenkulungwane yama-21, inani leenkampani ezinxulumene ne-semiconductor e-Singapore igqithile kuma-300, ukusuka kwiNtshona Melika, iYurophu i-Asicon Sfabs, kunye ne-8 yeeFabs. , Iinkampani zokupakisha kunye neenkampani zokuvavanya, kunye neenkampani eziphethe izixhobo zokuqala, izixhobo zokwenza imveliso, iifoto kunye namanye amashishini.
Ngomhla we-18 kaJanuwari, 2021, urhulumente waseSingapore wakhutshwa idatha echaza ukuba i-2020 yeedola i-STEMIORE DOLLS, ukunyuka kwamacandelo ayi-1,3. Yomelele, ke ixabiso lokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe ligcine amandla okukhula phantsi kobhubhane.
Xa kuthelekiswa neSingapore kunye neMalaysia, ubume bemveliso ye-semicondcuctor kwiPhilippines ayiphelelanga, egxile kwimveliso yezinto ze-elektroniki, ngakumbi mlcc. Abavelisi be-MLCC yeHlabathi njengeMurata, i-Samsung Electro-Manics kunye neTaiyo yuween baneefektri eManila, kwikomkhulu lePhilippines. Ngenxa yoko, uManila wafumana isihloko sendawo yokuhlanganisa "ye-MLCC yomzi-mveliso".
I-Thailand kwaye iiPhilippines zikwimeko efanayo. Bomelele kunemveliso yediski yediski (kubandakanya i-hard drives), kwaye okwangoku yindawo yesibini enkulu ye-Gress ye-Gress Adfers kunye noMvelisi. Ngo-2017, ivolumu yorhwebo iyonke yeShishini ye-Thailand yayiyimalunga ne-US $ 71 yezigidigidi, ingeniso yokuthumela i-US $ 37 yezigidigidi.
I-Vietnam yinkanyezi ye-mpuma ye-mpuma e-Asia semicondyuctors. Ingxelo ye-Tecnavio, inkampani yokufunda iteknoloji yehlabathi, ixelwe kwangaphambili ukuba imakethi ye-Vietnamese ye-Viconductor iya kukhula i-19% ukuya kwi-2020 yeebhiliyoni ukusuka kwizigidi ezingama-90 kunye ne-vietnam inabantu abancinci kakhulu, oko kukuthi Ibalulekile kuphuhliso lwawo onke amashishini, ngoko ke inamandla amakhulu.
Ngo-2013, ishishini le-vietnam laseVietnam litsalela ingqalelo kurhulumente weVietnam kwaye yabandakanywa kwi-catalogus yemveliso yeli lizwe ngelo xesha. Kwakuloo nyaka, ukuze kufezekiswe injongo yokufezekisa ingxwaba ye-2 yeedola, ukongeza kwinkxaso yaseburhulumenteni, iikholeji ezifanelekileyo zeVietnam kunye neekholeji ziyamomeleza iifektri zesekethe ezidityanisiweyo, kwaye zigxile kwi Ukudibanisa ishishini letekhnoloji ye-semiconductor ngokudibanisa izicwangciso zophuhliso zesizwe.
Okwangoku, i-Intel, uSamung kunye ne-Jabil yayisebenza kwi-Saigon hi-hi-tech kwipaki ye-HI CHI MINH City iminyaka emininzi. Kule mihla, iinkampani ezininzi zangaphandle zikhetha ukutyala imali kumaphondo ajikeleze i-HO CHI MINH: Dong Nai, Binh Duong, Tay Ninh, Hanoi kunye nezinye iindawo.
Ngenxa yomazantsi mpuma weShishini ekhethekileyo kwiShishini le-Semiconductor kunye nokumiswa kobhubhani ngo-2020, ishishini lihlawula ingqwalaselo eyodwa kwimeko yangoku.
I-Axt-intertricad nge-china
I-mpuma ye-mpuma yeAsia ikwangumxhamli wokudluliselwa kwemveliso ye-semicondcuctor. ISingapore kunye neMalaysia baqala ukwenza amaziko athile ase-semiconductor kubandakanya i-chips evela eJapan naseMzantsi Korea ngo-1990. Kwiminyaka engama-30 yophuhliso, iSemicondors iba ngumzi mveliso wePlam yeLizwe mabini. IPhilippines, i-Thailand, noVietnam babona amathemba amahle, ngethemba lokutsala ngaphezulu kweenkampani zamanye amazwe ngeenxa zonke zomsebenzi kunye neendleko zomhlaba.
I-Secomicontueds kwi-South Ashast Asia nase China zinemigangatho esondeleyo kakhulu. Njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, urhwebo lwe-semiconductor phakathi kwe-China kunye noMzantsi-mpuma lwamazwe ase-Asia sele yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo yorhwebo lwamanzi. Ngokweenkcukacha-mali, i-China ingenisa i-China esuka kunyaka-nyaka weminyaka engama-24 ubudala, kunye nokuthengiswa kwayo eAsean enyuke nge-29% ngonyaka-unyaka wonke (zonke zilungisiwe kwi-RMM). I-semicondcuccecy iyodwa iqhuba izinga lokukhula kwe-China i-ASEAN ngamanqaku ayi-3.2.
Ngaphandle kwamanye amazwe emveli anjengeMalaysia naseSingapore, uRhwebo lweSemiconductor phakathi kwe-China kunye nentengiso evelayo iyanda.
Ngokweenkcukacha-manani kwiChina le-China yokungenisa elizweni kunye ne-ETERIT, ukusukela ngo-Agasti ka-2016, ukuthunyelwa kweLizwe lase-Agasti ka -6, ukuthengisa kwelizwe kumjikelezo ohlanganisiweyo ukuya eVietnam bonyuke kakhulu. Nge-20 kaMeyi, i-vietnam yenyanga yeemveliso zesekethe ezihlanganisiweyo ezivela e-China inyuke ukusuka kwi-US $ 100 ye-US ngo-Agasti ka-2016 iphantse ibe yi-US $ 1.2 bhiliyoni yokukhula kwenyanga engaphezulu kwe-30%.
Kwelinye icala, amazwe avelayo njengeVietnam nayo ingafani ne-china ukuba bafuna ukuphuhlisa amashishini abo emicionductor. I-Technavio iqikele kwangaphambili ukuba imakethi ye-vietnam ye-vietnam ye-vietnam iya konyusa i-USD 6.16 yezigidigidi (ilingana ne-RMM 42.3 yezigidi) ngo-2020 ukuya ku-2024. Ngokutsho kohlalutyo lwabasebenzi abaphakathi, i-semicondcuctor ye-semicondcuct efuna ukuvula ixabiso lentengiso iVietnam lisondele eTshayina, ilizwe elikhulu lemveliso yehlabathi, kwaye linokufumana izibonelelo ezizinzileyo zezinto eziphambili.
I-whirlpool kunye nekamva
Emva kwayo yonke impembelelo yobuqhetseba yinto yethutyana. Izinto ezichaphazela ukuphuculwa kwe-semicontundtors kwi-mpuma ye-Asia yimfazwe yokuthengisa kwixesha elifutshane, kwaye iya kuthi ichazwe ngokwakho kwixesha elide.
Ngokuqhambuka kwemfazwe yezorhwebo, abavelisi abaninzi nabase-Europe yaseYurophu bakreqa ukuvelisa nokuthenga imisebenzi ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eMzantsi-mpuma Asia. Emva kokunyuka kweMfazwe ye-Nino-US, ezi nkampani zakwazi ukuqhubeka nokuthumela ngaphandle ukuya eUnited States ukuya e-United States, kwaye ngenxa yoko, kumazwe angaphandle kumazwe ase-Eunjini aseMelika ewonke akhula ngokukhawuleza.
Kwangelo xesha, imali eyinkunzi yelinye ilizwe sele iqalile ukukhonkotha i-mpuma yeAsia ngenxa yemfazwe yezorhwebo. Thatha iMalaysia njengomzekelo. Utyalomali lwayo ngqo kwisiqingatha sokuqala luka-2020 lunyuke ngamaxesha ali-11 xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elidlulileyo, elifikelela kwi-2 yezigidi zeedola, eziphezulu nangalo naluphi na utyalo mali lonke kwixesha elidlulileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, ngaba le mave anokuzama izabelo ixhasa ikamva lompungli Asia?
Amazwe ase-mpuma ase-Asia lonke ithemba lokuphuhlisa eyabo i-semiconductor yendalo kwaye ekugqibeleni ikhuphe imeko yeefektri zokulungisa.
EMalaysia, uninzi lwee-semicondors zasekuhlaleni kunye neenkampani ezinxulumene ne-semiconductor, ngakumbi iinkampani ezidweliswe kuluntu, zibandakanyeka kakhulu kwi-Seconder Servings, ukubonelela ngeenkonzo zovelwano lwe-semicondcuctor, abanini beempawu, abanini beempawu, abavelisi kunye nabavelisi.
Ukusukela ngo-2018 ukuya ku-2022, umndilili wokukhula kwengeniso yengeniso ye-Malaysia kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwi-9.6%. "Nokuba yi-EMS, i-OSAT, okanye i-R & D noYilo lweemveliso ze-elektroniki, iinkampani zaseMalaysia zidibanise ngempumelelo isikhundla sabo kwi-chain yonikezo lwehlabathi." Umbukeli welinye ilizwe wanika olu vavanyo.
Urhulumente waseMalaysian uceba ukubonelela ngenkuthazo yerhafu yokukhuthaza ishishini le-semicondcuctor eyongeziweyo le-semicondcuctor.
E-Singapore, urhulumente uhlengahlengise icebo layo kwaye wasungula inkqubo yenkuthazo yedola enamawaka-bhiliyoni yokutsala utyalomali, ngelixa uphuhlisa ukuvelisa i-Smart, kubandakanya itekhnoloji ye-AUHTATIonation yezinto ezizenzekelayo kunye ne-Intanethi yezinto.
IBhunga lezoQoqsho lezoQoqsho lase-Singapore lithatha ingqalelo imveliso echanekileyo njengoMqhubi ophambili wokukhula kweSingapore. Ngenkxaso "yophando, iZiko eliNtsha leShishini le-2020 iSicwangciso seSoftware", urhulumente wase-Singapore wabiwa yi- $ 3.2 yezigidigidi ukuze utyale imali kubunjineli obungalunganga.
I-Vietnam ikwakhawulezisa ukukhula komzi mveliso we-semicondcuctor yendawo. Ngokweengxelo zosasazo zalapha ekhaya, iipaki ze-vietnam ze-vietnam ze-vietnam ze-vietnam kunye ne-ch chi minh isixeko, i-hong kong, i-thai nguyen, i-bac giang iya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwe-Ic lelizwe kwaye inomdla wokutyalomali kwiinkampani zangaphandle.
Nangona kunjalo, ishishini isathandabuza ngekamva lekamva lase-mpuma lase-Asia Semicontund. Uhlalutyo oluPhezulu loMzi-mveliso uZheng ukholelwa ukuba nokuba kukho into epholileyo phakathi kwe-China ne-United States kwixesha elizayo, i-Semicontuetors kwi-South Asheast i-Asia ayizukutshintsha kakhulu utshintsho.
"Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukunqongophala kweetalente," UZhenge Yheng Yhee uthi, "Uqeqesho lwetalente le-semicolonductor yiprojekthi yenkqubo. Amazwe ase-Asiya (ngaphandle kwamazwe ambalwa) akanaso isiseko kule ndawo, kwaye okwangoku akukho dilesi Izicwangciso. "
Ixesha lezandla zexabiso eliphantsi njengezinto ezikhuphisanayo ziyadlula.Ingcali yasekhaya ekukhethise ukuba "imfundo, uqeqesho, kunye nezixhobo zenzi zizinto zokhuphiswano lwexesha elizayo."
"Ukongeza, ukuphuculwa kwe-semiconduckotors kukwafuna ukubona ukuba zeziphi iiprojekthi ezifanelekileyo kwiimeko zabo, kodwa kukho amazwe abo akhokelela kwintsimi nganye, kwaye kuya kuba nzima kakhulu kumazwe ase-mpuma ase-mpuma afuna ukubamba."I-Zheng yhee igxininiswa.
Kumsebenzi weSoftware yeHlabathi, ilizwe ngalinye okanye ingingqi inesimo sayo esifanelekileyo, esiyinto esenziwa yimeko emva kweminyaka yokudlala.Kumazwe ase-mpuma ase-mpuma Aliya abafuna ukudlala indima ebaluleke ngakumbi, indlela eya ngaphambili ayizukuthamba.